The permissibility of Bitcoin under Islamic law (Sharia) is a complex issue, with varying opinions among scholars. Several factors influence these viewpoints, primarily concerning Bitcoin’s nature and potential for misuse. As of today, July 14, 2025, this debate continues.
Table of contents
Arguments Against Bitcoin’s Halal Status
- Gharar (Uncertainty): Some scholars argue Bitcoin involves excessive uncertainty, making it haram (forbidden).
- Dharar (Harm): The potential for financial harm and instability associated with Bitcoin is another concern.
- Criminal Use: Bitcoin’s use in illicit activities raises ethical questions.
- Gambling-like Elements: The speculative nature of Bitcoin trading can resemble gambling, which is prohibited in Islam.
Conditional Permissibility
Some scholars suggest Bitcoin could be permissible if risks are mitigated. This might involve regulations and safeguards to address uncertainty and prevent misuse.
Conflicting Fatwas
Fatwas (religious rulings) on Bitcoin vary. Some declare it haram, while others conditionally permit it. The MUI (Indonesian Ulema Council) rulings highlight that using cryptocurrency as currency is haram, but as a digital asset, it is not permissible to trade.
Whether Bitcoin is halal depends on individual interpretation and adherence to Islamic principles. Due to the risks and uncertainties, many scholars advise caution.
